Say and Write Math

We often need to talk or write about math in words to help explain things or share our ideas.

Ofte we can simply say what we see:

3x + 4
three x plus four
19y
nineteen y
n/4
n divided by 4

(Say variables like x clearly as letters, for example x is said "ecks".)

The Basic Operations

There are many choices for words:

Symbol Common Phrases
+ plus, sum, increased by, added to, more than, total
minus, difference, decreased by, subtracted from, less than
× times, product, multiplied by, of, twice, double
÷ divided by, over, on, quotient, per, ratio, half, quarter

Here are some of those in action:

5 + x
five plus x
the sum of five and x
n − 3
n minus three
three less than n
2y
two y
two times y
the product of two and y
k / 4
k over 4
k divided by four
the quotient of k and four

Grouping

When there's more than one operation (a multi-step expression), take care to say how values are grouped.

We can use words like "quantity", "all", "sum of" and so on, to show that certain parts go together (usually inside parentheses).

3(x + 4)
three times the sum of x and four
three by the quantitiy x plus four
2n + 7
two n plus seven
seven more than twice n
(y − 1) / 5
the difference of y and one, all divided by five
2(x − 5) + 3
twice the difference of x and five, then increased by three

Speaking Math Clearly

When speaking: