Sum of 2 Squares

The sum of two squares (a2 + b2) has a special formula:

a2 + b2 = (a+b)2 − 2ab

Example: What is 162 + 42 ?

162 + 42 = (16+4)2 − 2×16×4 
 = (20)2 − 32×4
 = 400 − 128
 = 272

And this is why it works:

(x+y)(x+y)

The 4 parts make the whole area: a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a+b)2
Subtract 2ab from both sides: a2 + b2 = (a+b)2 − 2ab

It is related to one of the Special Binomial Products.

Sum of a Sequence of Squares

We can sum a sequence of squares using a special formula from Partial Sums:

Sigma
A shortcut when summing k2

Example: 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52

Use the formula:

12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 =
 5(5+1)(2×5+1) 6
=
5×6×11 6
=55

See Partial Sums for more details.