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Real Numbers

Real Numbers are just numbers like:

1 12.38 -0.8625 3/4 √2 1998

In fact:

Nearly any number you can think of is a Real Number

Real Numbers include:

Whole Numbers (like 1,2,3,4, etc)
Rational Numbers (like 3/4, 0.125, 0.333..., 1.1, etc )
Irrational Numbers (like π, √3, etc )

Real Numbers can also be positive, negative or zero.

So ... what is NOT a Real Number?

√-1 (the square root of minus 1) is not a Real Number, it is an Imaginary Number
Infinity is not a Real Number
And there are also some special numbers that mathematicians play with that are not Real Numbers

Why are they called "Real" Numbers?

Because they are not Imaginary Numbers.

That is the actual answer!

Real does not mean they are in the real world

They are not called "Real" because they show the value of something real.

In mathematics we like our numbers pure, if we write 0.5 we mean exactly half, but in the real world half may not be exact (try cutting an apple exactly in half).

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